Investment Models

Four ways to make money on a property

Every property investment lives or dies on which wealth engine you're running. The right model depends on your capital, your timeline, and the property itself. Here's every model NordInvest supports — and which kind of deal each one was built for.

Cashflow ModelLive
Monthly rent minus mortgage minus expenses = income

The foundational model — and the default for any rental property analysis. Rent comes in, mortgage and operating costs go out, what's left is your monthly income. Cashflow investors hold for the long term, refinance when rates drop, and treat each property as a yielding asset.

Monthly Cash Flow = Rent − Mortgage − Expenses Annual ROI = (Annual Cash Flow ÷ Cash Invested) × 100 Gross Rental Yield = (Annual Rent ÷ Property Price) × 100
Best suited for
Mid-yield markets (5–8% gross yields). Secondary Danish cities like Esbjerg or Aalborg, Manchester, Berlin outer rings. Properties where rent comfortably exceeds the mortgage without depending on appreciation. Avoid in compressed-yield central markets where cash flow runs negative from day one.

Methodology: standard residential rental analysis used in Brandon Turner, The Book on Rental Property Investing (BiggerPockets, 2015). How to calculate rental yield →

BRRRR ModelLive
Buy · Rehab · Rent · Refinance · Repeat

The capital-recycling strategy. Buy a distressed or under-priced property, rehabilitate it, rent it out, then refinance at the new (higher) appraised value to pull most of your original capital back out. If the math works, you end up holding a cash-flowing rental with little or none of your own money still in the deal — and you redeploy the recovered capital into the next acquisition.

Refinance Loan = ARV × LTV% (industry std: 75%) Cash Recovered = Refinance Loan − Original Mortgage Balance Effective Cash-in-Deal = Down + Rehab − Cash Recovered Cash-on-Cash Return = (Annual Cash Flow ÷ Cash-in-Deal) × 100
Best suited for
Older properties priced below market because of condition. Secondary city centres where the rehab can lift the appraisal materially. Investors with access to short-term renovation financing (bridge / construction loans) who want to scale a portfolio without locking 25% down on every deal. Avoid in markets where contractor costs outpace ARV uplift.

Methodology: David Greene, Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat (BiggerPockets Publishing, 2019). 75% ARV is the standard refi LTV.

Appreciation ModelLive
Return comes from long-term price growth, not monthly rent

In high-price, supply-constrained markets — central Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm, London Zone 1, Munich — gross yields compress to 3–4% and a leveraged property often runs slightly negative on cash flow. The investment case rests entirely on long-term appreciation: the property's value grows faster than your carry cost.

Projected Value (yr N) = Price × (1 + appreciation rate)^N Equity Return = (Capital Gain ÷ Down Payment) × 100
Best suited for
Tier-1 Nordic and European cities with constrained supply and strong long-term price trends. Buyers with stable income who can absorb 5–10 years of break-even or slightly negative cash flow. Long horizons (7+ years) are essential — transaction costs eat short-term gains.

Appreciation rates come from Statistics Denmark / SCB / SSB. We never extrapolate beyond what the published series support.

Value-Add ModelLive
Forced appreciation through renovation, rezoning, or repositioning

Distinct from BRRRR because you don't necessarily refinance — you create value through a specific lever: renovate to raise rent, convert a single-family into a duplex, change use, split a large unit, or buy a problem and solve it. Returns come from your work, not market wind.

Forced Value = New Rent × 12 ÷ Target Yield Project Profit = Forced Value − (Purchase + Renovation + Carry)
Best suited for
Experienced operators who can execute renovations on budget. Properties with a clear underutilization — wrong tenant mix, dated layout, missed conversion potential. Avoid for first-time investors: the execution risk is real and gets hidden in spreadsheets.

Underpinning theory: commercial real-estate forced-appreciation playbook, adapted for residential. See Ken McElroy, The ABCs of Real Estate Investing.

Not sure which model fits your deal?

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